Balancing Faith and Well-being: The Islamic Approach to Fasting
Fasting during Ramadan is one of Islam’s five pillars, a sacred act of worship observed by Muslims worldwide.
However, not everyone is required to fast.
As a religion of compassion, Islam recognizes that certain individuals may face hardships or health risks when fasting and provides clear exemptions for their well-being.
Understanding who is exempt from fasting is important for Muslims.
Categories of Exemption
Children
Pre-pubescent children are not obligated to fast during Ramadan.
This exemption allows them to adapt to fasting as they grow older gradually.
Some children may fast for part of the day or a few days during the month to familiarize themselves with the practice.
The Elderly
Elderly individuals who are physically unable to fast due to frailty or chronic health conditions are exempt from fasting.
Islam recognizes the potential health risks that fasting might pose to older adults and prioritizes their well-being.
Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers are granted exemption from fasting if they believe it may harm themselves or their babies.
This exemption is based on the Islamic principle of protecting the mother and the child’s health.
However, they must make up for the missed fasts later.

Menstruating Women
Women during their menstrual periods are exempt from fasting.
They are required to make up the missed fasts after Ramadan when they are no longer menstruating.
Travellers
Travellers travelling a significant distance (typically defined as more than 48 miles or 77 kilometres) can skip their fast.
This exemption acknowledges the difficulty fasting might cause during travel.
The Ill
Individuals suffering from acute or chronic illnesses that make fasting difficult or potentially harmful are exempt.
This includes both physical and mental diseases that could be exacerbated by fasting.
Those with Mental Disabilities
People with mental disabilities that affect their ability to understand or practice fasting are exempt.
Compensating for Missed Fasts
For those who are temporarily unable to fast, such as travellers or those with short-term illnesses, the general rule is to make up the missed fasts later when their situation allows.
This is known as qada’ or making up the fast.
For individuals with permanent conditions that prevent fasting, such as chronic illnesses or old age, there is an alternative form of compensation called fidya.
Fidya involves feeding a poor person for each day of fasting missed.
This ensures that even those who cannot physically fast can still participate in the spirit of Ramadan through charity.

The Spirit of Ramadan
It’s important to note that while these exemptions exist, many Muslims who fall into these categories may still choose to fast if they feel capable.
The decision to fast or not should be made in consultation with healthcare providers, especially those with medical conditions.
Islam emphasizes the importance of intention in worship.
During Ramadan, those exempt from fasting are encouraged to engage in other worship and charitable acts.
These can include increased prayer, reading the Quran, giving charity, and participating in community iftars (breaking of the fast).
Activities for Those Who Do Not Fast During Ramadan
- Engage in Quranic Recitation: Dedicate time to reading and reflecting on the Quran’s teachings.
- Perform Extra Prayers: Increase worship through additional prayers like Tahajjud and Tarawih.
- Give Charity: Donate money, food, or resources, especially to support those who are fasting.
- Prepare Food for Others: Support the community by preparing or sponsoring iftar meals.
- Focus on Self-Improvement: Use this time for personal development and character enhancement.
- Practice Acts of Kindness: Engage in simple acts of kindness to foster community spirit.
Ramadan for All: Understanding Allah’s Mercy in Exemptions
The exemptions from fasting during Ramadan reflect the compassionate nature of Islam.
While worship is important, Islam also prioritizes the health and well-being of believers.
Allah has provided alternatives for those not fasting, such as making up fasts later or offering fidya.
Islam ensures that the spirit of Ramadan – self-reflection, compassion, and community – is accessible to all Muslims, regardless of their ability to fast.
May Allah accept all our good deeds in Ramadan.