Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, is important for Muslims worldwide. We all know this month is about doing good deeds, abstaining from food and drinks from dawn to dusk, focusing on ibadah and doing charity as much as possible. However, there is more to know about it. Let’s learn ten facts about Ramadan and increase our knowledge of this holy month.
1. Etymology of Ramadan
Every word has a meaning, and so does “Ramadan”. It is derived from the Arabic root “ramida” or “ar-ramad”, meaning scorching heat or dryness. This name was chosen because Ramadan originally fell during the hot summer months, reflecting the intense heat.
2. The First Ramadan in Islamic History
Fasting during Ramadan became obligatory for Muslims in the second year after the Hijrah (migration) of Prophet Muhammad to Medina, which corresponds to 624 CE. The Prophet Muhammad fasted nine Ramadans in total before his death.
3. The First Fast
Interestingly, the first Ramadan fast coincided with the Battle of Badr, a significant event in Islamic history. Despite being in a state of war, the Muslims observed the fast, representing the importance of abiding by the obligation set by Allah.
4. Fasting Before Ramadan Became an Obligation
Before Islam, the pre-Islamic Arabs in Mecca used to fast on the tenth day of Muharram to expiate sins and avoid drought. This means fasting was not entirely new for Muslims when it was first introduced.
5. Lunar Calendar and Shifting Dates
Ramadan starts when the moon is sighted, following the lunar calendar. As the lunar year is about 11 days shorter than the solar year, Ramadan begins approximately 11 days earlier each year in the Gregorian calendar. This means that over a 33-year cycle, Ramadan will have occurred during every season.
Completing the Cycle
Let’s calculate how long it takes for Ramadan to return to the same point in the solar year:
1. The difference between the solar and lunar years is 11 days.
2. We must accumulate enough of these 11-day shifts for a full solar year (365 days).
3. 365 ÷ 11 ≈ 33.18 years
This calculation explains why it takes Ramadan about 33 years to complete a full cycle through all the seasons.
6. Ramadan Traditions: Lanterns and Cannons
In Egypt, intricate lanterns known as “fanoos” became a symbol of Ramadan, possibly originating during the Fatimid dynasty of the 10th-12th centuries. Another tradition, the “iftar cannon”, is said to have begun around 200 years ago in Egypt. A cannon was fired to announce the time for breaking the fast. A cannon is still fired in some Middle Eastern countries at the time of Iftar and for the announcement of the moon being sighted for Eid.
7. Dates for Breaking Fast
Dates hold a special place in Islamic tradition. Prophet Muhammad is said to have broken his fast with dates and water, establishing a cherished Sunnah that Muslims worldwide continue to follow. Scientifically, dates are rich in natural sugars, fibre, and essential nutrients, providing a quick energy boost after a day of fasting and aiding digestion.
8. Taraweeh is Exclusive to Ramadan
The word “Taraweeh” comes from the Arabic word “tarwiha,” which means “to rest or relax.” Taraweeh is a lengthy salah performed after Isha during Ramadan. This name was given because worshippers take short breaks to rest between sets of rakats. Resting between prayer highlights the balance between spiritual devotion and physical well-being in Islamic worship.
9. The First Taraweeh Prayer
Initially, Prophet Muhammad led a few nights of Taraweeh during Ramadan but discontinued the practice out of concern that it might be made obligatory. Umar ibn Al-Khattab revived this practice during his caliphate, organising it as a regular congregational prayer throughout Ramadan. This occurred around 14 AH (635 CE), approximately three years after the death of Prophet Muhammad.
10. Zakat al-Fitr: A Unique Charity at the End of Ramadan
Zakat al-Fitr is a special charity that is essential at the end of Ramadan and must be fulfilled before Eid al-Fitr prayer. This mandatory charitable contribution has several unique aspects:
– Timing: It must be given before the Eid prayer, which occurs on the morning of Eid al-Fitr.
– Purpose: The aim is to ensure that even the community’s poorest members can participate in the Eid celebrations.
– Amount: Traditionally, it was given as a measure of food (about 3 kg of staple food). In modern times, many give an equivalent monetary amount.
– Obligation: Every Muslim, regardless of age or financial status, requires it. The household’s adult has to give it on behalf of young children.
This practice dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad. It serves as a reminder of the importance of social solidarity and compassion after Ramadan – a perfect way to end a sacred month.
Ramadan – A Month of Profound Meaning
As we’ve explored these facts about Ramadan, it is understood that it is a rich tapestry of history, tradition, and Islamic values. From its ancient roots to modern-day practices, Ramadan has always been a source of personal growth and strengthening connections with Allah for Muslims. Whether breaking fast with dates, joining in Taraweeh prayers, or giving Zakat al-Fitr, each aspect of Ramadan carries deep meaning for Muslims.
